In 1845 Henry David Thoreau, one of the principal New England Transcendentalists, left the small town of Concord for the country. Beside the lake of Walden he built himself a log cabin and returned to nature to observe and reflect—while surviving on eight dollars a year. From this experience emerged Walden , one of the great classics of American literature and a deeply personal reaction against the commercialism and materialism that Thoreau saw as the main impulses of mid-nineteenth-century America. Here also is Civil Disobedience , Thoreau’s essay on just resistance to government that not only challenged the establishment of his day but has been used as a flag for later campaigners from Mahatma Gandhi to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.