The book adopts a cognitive perspective on social mobility and its management, addressing gaps and paradoxes in developing science and technology (S&T) human resources at both organizational (particularly universities) and national levels in Vietnam , through sociological and policy approaches. It explores key themes such as social mobility theory, talent attraction challenges in the fourth industrial revolution, the revolution&s impact on mobility, various types of mobility, influencing factors, and strategies for managing mobility. By understanding these "general laws of social mobility," researchers and policymakers can refine theories on brain circulation, talent attraction, and mobility flow management. Each chapter fosters multi-dimensional dialogue and stakeholder engagement in managing Vietnam's S&T human resources within social mobility and industrial revolutions. The book emphasizes "community knowledge" and "knowledge at large", shifting the focus beyond the individual and calling for deeper dialogue within the framework of positive psychology.