A history of how decolonization shaped Jewish political identity in late-twentieth-century France. In The Postcolonial Jewish Question, Mendel Kranz shows how France’s colonial history fundamentally shaped contemporary debates among Jews in France about racism, discrimination, and minority politics during the late twentieth century. As the wider country confronted the legacies of the Holocaust and the decline of its colonial empire, Jewish thinkers questioned the boundaries of their own political identity and challenged prevailing paradigms of Western universalism. This book traces how prominent and lesser-known thinkers—including Albert Memmi, Emmanuel Levinas, Alain Finkielkraut, and Wladimir Rabi—as well as organizations like the Colloque des intellectuels juifs de langue française engaged with issues of oppression, nationhood, and communal identity, and the ways that colonialism and its afterlives shaped those discussions. Kranz   reveals how the Jewish question itself changed shape through confrontations with postcolonial politics. In doing so, he calls for a reassessment of the parameters of the Jewish question amid colonialism’s enduring legacies in the present.