The Maritime Security Dilemma in the Gulf: Balancing Strait of Hormuz Protection with Regional Autonomy is an incisive exploration of one of the world's most strategically critical waterways. Edited by Hichem Karoui, this comprehensive study examines the tightrope Gulf states walk between securing vital maritime routes and preserving national sovereignty. Drawing on historical, legal, military, diplomatic, economic, environmental, and technological perspectives, the volume traces the evolution of the Strait's geopolitical centrality – from centuries-old trade crossroads to today's indispensable energy lifeline. It dissects the complex interplay between regional powers, extra‑regional military presence, and non‑state actors, unravelling the layers of threat, deterrence, and cooperation that define Gulf security. Key sections delve into the legal frameworks under UNCLOS, the role of alliances and multinational patrols, the rise of hybrid and cyber threats, and the operational and political challenges of joint maritime security. The work highlights case studies of conflict resolution, the impact of climate change on maritime stability, and practical policy recommendations for fostering trust, reducing escalation, and building resilient security architectures. This is an indispensable reference for policymakers, diplomats, maritime analysts, security professionals, and scholars seeking to understand – and shape – the future of Gulf maritime governance. It offers not only a clear-eyed appraisal of present realities but also a roadmap for achieving stability without compromising autonomy, rooted in the belief that the Strait of Hormuz must remain a secure, open, and cooperatively managed artery for the global commons.