The Shroud of Turin can be interpreted as the oldest neuroemotional record in human history. Not in a technological sense, but in a phenomenological one. Not as an image produced by instruments, but as a direct inscription of an extreme state in which pain, consciousness, and regulation coexist in a singular equilibrium, argues Prof. Freitas-Magalhães, the world's leading expert for Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology and the Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, by Elsevier, Oxford, in his pioneering and extraordinary book on the Shroud of Turin. The result of more than 20 years of research conducted at the FEELab — Facial Emotion Expression Laboratory, at the University Fernando Pessoa, this book presents, for the first time, a systematic scientific reading of the face of the Shroud of Turin, based on the Facial Brain Theory and the F-M FACS 5.0 system. The conclusions are clear and, in many respects, counterintuitive: the face does not reveal chaotic or disorganized pain, but rather a highly coherent pattern dominated by the glabellar triad AU1 + AU3 + AU4, indicative of deep neuroemotional pain, accompanied by unequivocal signs of control and regulation, such as lip compression (AU24) and partial eyelid closure (AU43/44). Far from any form of artistic dramatization, the expression demonstrates functional integration, absence of muscular conflict, and overall stability, suggesting a real neuroemotional state in which the brain systems responsible for emotion and regulation - namely the amygdala, insula, and prefrontal cortex - remain active and coordinated, even under extreme conditions. In this way, the Shroud emerges as a unique case in the history of science: a millennial image that preserves, with remarkable precision, the facial signature of the brain in an extreme state, making visible the profound connection between emotion, the face, and consciousness.