Building on foundational imaging physics, Volume 2 explores advanced modalities and subspecialty applications such as interventional radiology, nuclear medicine, cardiac imaging, and neuroradiology. It covers protocol optimization, contrast techniques, and the role of imaging in minimally invasive therapies. Chapters discuss multidisciplinary workflows, safety considerations, and the integration of AI-assisted tools into radiologic practice. Case-based chapters demonstrate decision-making in complex diagnostic and therapeutic scenarios. Practical sections guide trainees on specialty reporting formats and procedure planning.