This book analyses the Taliban's rise to power and its rule in Afghanistan from various perspectives following the group's 2021 insurgency. Analyzing the ideology and evolution of the Taliban regime, sociocultural aspects of Afghanistan in relation to the group's rise to power as well as personal interviews with Taliban leaders, Asatryan sketches out a multifaceted picture of the domestic scene for further analysis of the regime's role in international security and affairs. In so doing the author examines Afghanistan's political state from different geopolitical positions and discusses the international relations and policy strategies employed by major world powers and regional actors in relation to Taliban rule. The research is interdisciplinary. The book is a social study of Afghan societies and the Taliban. On the other hand, the monograph presents an analysis of the evolution of the political strategies of various great and regional powers regarding Afghanistan.