This book explores sustainable development from the perspective of the post-communist experience of Eastern Europe. Taking into account the specific characteristics of different countries within Eastern Europe, the contrast between economic theory and practice is highlighted. An understanding of the economic development of the Eastern Europe is presented to provide insights into the challenges, in particular the juxtaposition of new and old traditions, and opportunities for sustainable development in this area. This book highlights how the implementation of sustainable development policies is dependent on culture, institutions, history, and geography. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in environmental economics and the economic development of Eastern Europe.