The ability of soil to sustain agricultural plant growth is referred to as soil fertility. A soil that is fertile has the ability to supply essential plant nutrients and water in appropriate amounts for the growth and reproduction of plants. It is also free of the toxic substances which could inhibit the growth of plants. A natural or synthetic material which supplies nutrients to plants which are essential for their growth is termed as a fertilizer. They generally provide macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium in varying proportions. Fertilizers are broadly classified into single nutrient and multinutrient fertilizers. The topics included in this book on soil fertility and fertilizers are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on this field have been included in it. This book will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.