This book provides an in-depth exploration of anesthesia management for pediatric patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, with a focus on complex congenital heart diseases (CHD). It is structured into four comprehensive parts, offering a blend of theoretical foundations and practical case studies to equip medical professionals with the knowledge needed for effective anesthetic care in this challenging field. The initial chapters lay the groundwork by detailing cardiovascular development during embryonal and postnatal periods, the physiology of the cardiovascular system, and the pathophysiology of CHD. They also cover critical techniques such as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The subsequent sections explore into 80 clinical anesthesia cases, each meticulously documented to highlight the anesthesia process, expert clinical experiences, and analyses of potential improvements. These cases span a variety of contexts, including open-heart surgeries, non-cardiac procedures, and off-site anesthesia, providing a comprehensive view of the challenges and solutions in pediatric anesthesia. This book is an invaluable resource for anesthesiologists, pediatric cardiologists, and healthcare professionals involved in the care of children with heart conditions. It offers insights from renowned experts, making it a must-read for those seeking to enhance their clinical practice and improve patient outcomes. This book provides the tools and knowledge necessary to navigate the complexities of pediatric cardiovascular anesthesia with confidence and precision.  The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.