Renal replacement therapy is a therapy in which normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys is replaced. It is primarily used during renal failure when the kidneys are not functioning properly and involves acute and chronic kidney diseases. Hemodiafiltration, dialysis and hemofiltration are the therapies used in this domain. These therapies help in the filtration of blood with or without machines. The process of hemodialysis, hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration can be continuous or intermittent. It uses either an arteriovenous route or a venovenous route. Kidney transplantation also falls under the umbrella of renal replacement therapy. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of renal replacement therapy. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. This book will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students.