Renal failure is a severe medical condition of the kidneys. It is a case in which the functioning of the kidneys stops. There are two main types of renal failure, namely, acute kidney failure and chronic kidney failure. Acute kidney failure is the rapid loss of kidney function, whereas, chronic kidney failure is associated with the gradual loss of kidney function. Symptoms of renal failure include vomiting, diarrhea, pressure, or difficulty in urinating, more frequent urination, less frequent urination, foamy or bubbly urine and nocturia. Diabetes, high blood pressure, drug overdose and polycystic kidney disease are some of the major causes of renal failure. Proper diet, hemodialysis and kidney transplant are the most common treatment methods. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of renal failure. It explores all the important aspects of renal failure in the present day scenario. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.