The transnational social space approach has been extensively utilized in migration studies and partly also in management studies. In the latter, a key research focus is on multinational enterprises (MNEs). This Research in the Sociology of Organizations volume reinvigorates and leverages the transnational social space approach to further develop it, addressing the role of MNEs in solving Grand Challenges. Taking an interdisciplinary approach by drawing on ideas outside of mainstream Organization Studies, such as Social Geography, Migration Studies, Political Economy, Economic Sociology, and International Business, papers take on the challenge of addressing ‘wicked problems’ like climate change, poverty, health, and inequality. Applying the transnational social space idea as an ‘envelop framework’, the papers broaden the scope of theorizing from various theoretical angles and disciplines and enlarge the empirical scope to fields where the MNE is not automatically the central unit of study. Also, paying attention to whether and how MNEs can shape and, in some cases, distort transnational social spaces as powerful players, the papers, taken together, investigate when, why, and how MNEs can be seen as part of the problem or the solution to grand challenges.