Skeletal muscles are organs of the vertebrate muscular system that are commonly connected to bones of the skeleton by tendons. They are present throughout the body and respond to stimuli by contracting. They are also found in the eye socket, tongue, upper esophagus and diaphragm. Skeletal muscles have a variety of functions, such as maintaining the position and posture of the body, nutrient storage, generating movement, joint stabilization, and regulating body temperature. These muscles comprise muscle and nerve fibers, connective tissue and blood vessels, which allow humans to move and carry out daily tasks. Additionally, they are also critical for breathing mechanics. The dysfunction in skeletal muscles can cause a variety of medical diseases ranging from dysphagia to tremors, myopathies, weakness, tendon ruptures, ataxia, etc. This book explores the recent studies on skeletal muscle physiology. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.