Finally, specificissuesinplanningandschedulingofPCBassem­ blyarediscussed. VIII Preface InChapter3variousbi-objectiveintegerprogrammingmodelsandso­ lutionapproachesarepresentedformachineloadingandassembly-routing inFASs. Aninteractiveprocedureisproposedforsimultaneousloadingand routingbasedonweightingapproachandalexicographicalgorithmisgiven forsequentialloadingandroutingwithalinearrelaxationloadingheuristic andanetworkflowroutingmodel. Numericalexamplesillustratepossible applicationsofthemodellingandsolutionapproachespresented. InChapter4thesequentialmodellingandsolutionapproachproposedin Chapter3hasbeenextendedforabicriterionmachineloadingandassembly routingwithsimultaneousassemblyplanselectioninageneralFASandina flexibleassemblyline. Numericalexamplesareprovidedtoillustratepossible applicationsoftheapproachproposed. Chapter5presentsmathematicalprogrammingformulationsforsimul­ taneousloadingandschedulinginflexibleassemblycells. Theformulations areillustratedwithpracticalapplicationsinmechanicalpartassemblywith arobotassemblycellandinPCBassemblyonacomponentplacementma­ chine. Chapter6isdevotedtoproductionschedulinginflexibleassemblylines whereseveralassemblystagesinseriesareeitherseparatedbyfiniteinter­ mediatebuffersortherearenobuffersbetweenthestages, andeachstage consistsofoneormoreidenticalparallelmachines. Fastpush-typeschedul­ ingheuristicsareproposedforthelinewithlimitedintermediatebuffersor thelinewithnoin-processbuffers. Foracomparison, apull-typeschedul­ ingstrategyisillustratedwithsomerecentresultsfortheJust-In-Timeand multilevelschedulingofflexibleassemblylines. Numericalexamplesprovide thereaderwithpossibleapplicationsofthevariousmodellingandsolution approachespresented. InChapter7simultaneousschedulingofassemblystationsandautomated guidedvehiclesisdiscussedforageneralFASandtwodifferentsolutionap­ proachesarepresented:(i)amulti-levelapproach, inwhichfirstmachine loadingandassemblyroutingproblemissolvedandthen, giventaskassign­ mentsandassemblyroutesselected, detailedmachineandvehicleschedules aredetermined;(ii)asingle-levelapproach, inwhichmachineandvehicle schedulesaredirectlydeterminedwithnoinitialloadingandroutingdeci­ sionsrequired. Foreachapproachaschedulingalgorithmbasedondynamic complexdispatchingrulesisproposedandnumericalexamplesareprovided toillustrateandcomparethetwoschedulingapproaches. Thematerialpresentedinthebookisillustratedwithnumerousexamples, figuresandextensivetables. Thereaderisprovidedwithdetailedmathemat­ icalmodelsoftheFASplanningandschedulingproblemsanddescriptions ofthesolutionalgorithmsproposed. Theirapplicationsareillustratedwith manynumericalexamplesandresultsofvariouscomputationalexperiments withthemodelsandalgorithmsarereported. Preface IX Thebookisaimedprimarilyatstudentsandprofessionalsinproduction andoperationsmanagement, industrialandsystemsengineering, andauto­ matedmanufacturing. Thisbookbenefitedfromnumerousdiscussionswithmycolleagues. Pro­ fessorAndreasDrexlandDr. RainerKolischfromtheChristian-Albrechts UniversityofKieldeservespecialthanksforthecarefulreadingofvarious partsofthemanuscriptandtheirvaluablecomments. ThebookhasbeenpreparedwithpartialsupportbyKBNresearchgrant #8TllF01513, AGHgrant#10. 200. 10, andTEMPUS-PHAREproject #S_JEP-09434-95. TadeuszSawik DepartmentofComputerIntegratedManufacturing FacultyofManagement UniversityofMiningandMetallurgy Krakow, Poland TableofContents 1. FlexibleAssemblySystems-HardwareComponentsand Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1 BasiccomponentsofaFAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1. 1Robots. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. 1. 2 PeripheraJequipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. 2 Classificationof'flexibleassemblysystems 5 1. 3 Examplesofindustrialinstallations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. 3. 1 Mechanicalassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. 3. 2 Printedcircuitboardassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2. IssuesinDesign, PlanningandSchedulingofFlexible Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2. 1 FASdesignissues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2. 2 Networkdesignformaterialflowsystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2. 3 Designforassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 2. 4 Assemblyplanning 30 2. 5 Planningandscheduling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2. 5. 1 Machineloadingandassemblyrouting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2. 5. 2 | Production Planning and Scheduling in Flexible Assembly Systems by | Production Planning and Scheduling in Flexible Assembly Systems by Tadeusz Sawik, Paperback | Indigo Chapters