The branch of biology that deals with the study of the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in different systems of a cell is referred to as molecular biology. It includes the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis along with the regulation of these interactions. Molecular biology also makes use of techniques and concepts from the fields of genetics and biochemistry. Some of the techniques used within this field are molecular cloning, polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis and allele-specific oligonucleotide. There are numerous processes which are studied within molecular biology such as replication, transcription and cell function. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts in the field of molecular biology. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, it makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. This textbook will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.