The aim of this reprint is to introduce the reader to the latest technological achievements in power transmission and control. Power transmission and control include the conversion, transmission, and distribution of power and motion control; it is a key technology and design theory of vehicle machines, such as automobile and construction machinery, airplanes, and ships. The specific implementation of power transmission and control can be achieved through hydraulic, pneumatic, electro-hydraulic, electro-pneumatic, hydrodynamic, hydrodynamic, or electromechanical transmission methods. Power transmission and control have also been widely used in power engineering, such as in wind power generation systems, hydroelectric power systems, solar power systems, compressed air energy storage systems, hybrid energy vehicles, and hydrogen energy vehicles. By using advanced control strategies and optimization methods, the performance of power transmission and control systems in power and vehicle machinery can be significantly improved. This Special Issue reports the related new theories and technological achievements in fluid power transmission and control in power and vehicle machinery from 2017 to 2018; in total, 2 review papers and 16 research articles were published in Applied Sciences .