PART I - PEER REVIEW: INTRODUCTION AND ITS CONTEXT1: The Scientific Community, Academia and Peer Review;Eva Forsberg, Lars Geschwind & Sara Levander 2: Hierarchies and Universal Inclusion in Scientific Communities; Rudolf Stichweh 3: Authors, peer review, and publications - a socio-historical constellation; Raf Vanderstraeten PART II - PEER REVIEW AND THE HIGHER EDUCATION EVALUATION MACHINERY 4: Performances and Gatekeepers: Quality assurance of education and research in Dutch higher education; Don F. Westerheijden 5: The many faces of peer review; Hanne Foss Hansen 6: How gatekeepers sometimes enhance the effects of evaluation machineries in research; Peter Dahler Larsen 7: Peer review in public administration: a contradiction in terms?; Agnes Ers & Kristina Tegler Jerselius PART III - SPECIFICITIES OF DIFFERENT PEER REVIEW PRACTICES 8: Is Peer Review Fit for Purpose?; Malcolm Tight 9: Peer advocacy - loyalties, wish lists and tough love in national peer review;Lars Geschwind 10: Many faces of scientific evaluation: use of public, professional and organizational power; Jonna Kosonen, Tea Vellamo, Taru Siekkinen & Elias Pekkola 11: Disciplinary boundary work - Peer-review and the (full) professorship; Eva Forsberg, Rita Foss Lindblad, Sara Levander & Sverker Lindblad 12: Assessing academic careers: Crafting the 'excellent' professor in biomedicine, economics and history; Björn Hammarfelt13: Peer review in academic promotion - when teaching excellence is at stake; Maja Elmgren, Eva Forsberg, Sara Levander 14: Performance-based evaluation metrics - influence at the macro, meso and micro level; Gustaf Nelhans 15: The role of peer review in the evidence making processes of systematic review; Tine S. Prøitz & Magnus Levinsson Part IV - PEER REVIEW: A FINAL ACCOUNT Chapter 16: Peer review, an extended, challenged and migrating institution