Pediatrics refers to the area of medicine involved with the care and treatment of infants, children and adolescents. Pediatric endocrinology, pediatric pathology, pediatric neurosurgery and pediatric gastroenterology are some of the important sub-specialities of pediatrics. Pediatric endocrinology studies the disorders related to the endocrine glands, which are responsible for the physical growth and sexual development in childhood. The branch of study dealing with the neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of children is called pediatric pathology. Pediatric neurosurgery is a sub-field of pediatrics which deals with the surgical processes related to the nervous system, spinal cord and brain in children. Pediatric gastroenterology deals with the illnesses related to the gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas in children and adolescents. This book outlines the processes and applications of pediatrics in detail. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to pediatrics. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.