Palaeontology is the scientific study of ancient life, focusing on fossils to understand past organisms and their environments. It integrates biology and geology to reconstruct Earth's history, examining fossils' morphology, distribution and evolution. Through stratigraphy, the study of rock layers, palaeontology determines the age and context of fossils, unravelling the story of life's evolution over millions of years. Techniques like radiometric dating provide precise timelines, while comparative anatomy and phylogenetics trace evolutionary relationships. Palaeontology shows biodiversity shifts, extinction events, and adaptive responses to environmental changes, offering insights into how life has adapted and diversified. By analysing fossils' microstructures and geochemical signatures, researchers explain ancient ecosystems, informing theories on species origins and extinctions. Palaeontology bridges modern biology with Earth's deep past, contributing vital knowledge to evolutionary biology, climate science and conservation efforts. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of palaeontology. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. This book is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field.