Statistics is a branch of applied mathematics that deals with collecting, describing, presenting and analyzing data. It also involves making inferences or conclusions from the given quantitative data. There are two major areas of statistics, namely, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics is focused on describing the properties associated with the sample and population data. In inferential statistics, sample data is analyzed to test hypotheses and draw conclusions. Some of the common and widely used statistical tools and procedures are variance, skewness, linear regression analysis, null hypothesis testing, probit models, ANOVA, and mean. Statistics and statistical techniques draw heavily on various mathematical theories such as differential and integral calculus, linear algebra, and probability theory. Statistics finds applications in a variety of disciplines and professions including economics and finance, accounting, academic research, and investment analysis. The book studies, and analyzes mathematical statistics and its applications in modern times. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.