In industrial pharmacy and drug delivery systems, encapsulation is a process that requires enclosing the substances within an inert material to protect them from the environment, and to control drug release. Microencapsulation is a drug delivery system wherein tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating to give small capsules with useful properties. Rapid and targeted delivery of drugs is usually accomplished with the help of nanocarriers inside the cells that carry small molecules and drugs. The use of nanoencapsulation protects the drugs from premature degeneration and increases its stability in the blood. The nanoencapsulation process coats the substances within some other material at the size on a nanoscale. Similarly, microencapsulation is done at the micro level. The encapsulating material can be artificial as well as natural. Mostly, natural polymers are preferred. This book studies, analyses, and presents the concepts of microencapsulation and nanoencapsulation as it is of utmost significance in modern times. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.