A fresh approach to Roman archaeology that elucidates the impact of material culture in shaping imperial life, from technological innovations to social structures. Materialising the Roman Empire defines an innovative research agenda for Roman archaeology, highlighting the diverse ways in which the Empire was made materially tangible in the lives of its inhabitants. The volume explores how material culture was integral to the process of imperialism, both as the Empire grew, and as it fragmented, and in doing so it provides up-to-date overviews of major topics in Roman archaeology. Each chapter offers a thorough overview of a major field within the archaeology of the Roman Empire. The book’s authors explore the distinctive contribution that archaeology and the study of material culture can make to our understanding of the key institutions and fields of activity in the Roman Empire. The opening chapters address major technologies that, at first glance, appear to be mechanisms of integration across the Roman Empire: roads, writing, and coinage. The focus then shifts to the analysis of key social structures oriented around material forms and activities found all over the Roman world, such as trade, urbanism, slavery, craft production, and frontiers. Finally, the book extends to more abstract dimensions of the Roman world: art, empire, religion, and ideology, in which the significant themes remain the dynamics of power and influence. The whole builds towards a broad exploration of the nature of imperial power and the interconnections that stimulated new community identities and created new social divisions.