This book constitutes the post-conference proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Security and Cryptology, Inscrypt 2020, held in, China, in December 2020. Due the COVID-19, the conference was held online and physical. The 24 full papers presented together with 8 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 79 submissions. The papers presents papers about research advances in all areas of information security, cryptology, and their applications.