This research aimed to improve professional practice skills and the development of socio-emotional skills in the Production Engineering course at UDESC/CEPLAN by structuring the implementation of the active Problem-Based Learning (PBL) methodology, in one month of classes, in the subject of Productive Systems. A systematic literature review was carried out, covering the period from 2015 to 2021, with a search in the SCOPUS and Science Direct databases, resulting in the analysis and systematization of 6169 articles, which supported the theoretical framework of this study. The participants in the research comprised a case study with 11 students from UDESC/CEPLAN, during an academic semester in 2020. The results of the application of PBL were obtained through a structured questionnaire and treated with Content Analysis. It was concluded that the structure proposed for the PBL was effective in terms of the stages adopted and that the students successfully improved their problem-solving skills through the development of socio-emotional competences, as well as reporting that they gained professional competences by taking part in this research.