Long considered one of late scholasticism's most important thinkers, Francisco Surez has, paradoxically enough, often been treated only in relation to other medieval authors or as a transitional figure in the shift from medieval to Early Modern philosophy. As such, his thought has often been obscured and framed in terms of an alien paradigm. This book seeks to correct such approaches and examines Surez's metaphysical thinking as it stands on its own. Surez is shown to be much more in line with his medieval predecessors who developed their accounts of being to express the theological commitments they had made. Central to Surez's account is a fundamental existential orientation, one that many interpreters have overlooked in favour of an understanding of being as reduced to essence or to the thinkable.