This Special Issue, titled "Hyperspectral Remote Sensing from Spaceborne and Low-Altitude Aerial/Drone-Based Platforms-Differences in Approaches, Data Processing Methods, and Applications", presents the latest achievements in the field of hyperspectral remote sensing data processing and its related applications. A total of 18 manuscripts, all of which were evaluated by professional Guest Editors and reviewers, were submitted for publication in this Special Issue. Subsequently, 11 of these submissions were deemed to be of a high quality (based on the standards set by Remote Sensing ) and were revised, accepted, and published in this Special Issue.