Prepare effective H&C applications with the best chance at getting approved Canada has as many as 100,000 undocumented immigrants, with some estimates putting that number closer to half a million. They live under the radar of provincial and national authorities, working for cash and having no social insurance number. They also live precarious lives, with no access to health care or social supports and in constant fear of being caught. Humanitarian and compassionate considerations are a key pathway for undocumented immigrants in exceptional and compelling circumstances to escape precarity and gain permanent residency in Canada. Licensed consultants, lawyers, and paralegals can give deserving immigrants and their families an advantage by understanding how to submit effective H&C applications. Equip yourself for the job with: An in-depth examination of section 25(1) of the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), which governs H&C applications for permanent residency Comprehensive examples of how to—and how not to—prepare effective H&C applications Overviews of Canadian case law, rules, and procedures that everyone working in H&C cases needs to know Chapters on H&C considerations in areas outside section 25(1) applications Focus questions that allow you to put your H&C knowledge to the test