Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality remains the primary cause of death worldwide, despite the decline in developed countries. CVD includes a variety of heart and vascular conditions: hypertensive heart disease, stroke, and ischemic heart disease. Some risk factors such as age, gender, and family history cannot be changed. Other causes, including diet, tobacco, drugs of abuse, alcohol, and lack of exercise, can be altered. In this book, experts review the validity of various dietary approaches in prevention and treatment of CVD for promotion of heart health. In summary, nutrients, nutraceuticals, macronutrients, and gastrointestinal microbes modified by prebiotics and probiotics play important roles in heart health and disease. The five sections in the book give an overview of the role of vitamins and minerals, nutrition and nutrition counselling, dietary supplements, herbs and foods, protein and energy, and microbes. A useful part of the chapters in this book are the key facts and summary points.