Fertilizers are natural or artificial substances that are applied to the soil or plant tissues to facilitate the growth of the plant by providing essential nutrients. They also enhance the water retention capacity of the soil. These can be naturally prepared or industrially produced. Fertilizers provide varied macronutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, phosphorous, calcium, etc. Pesticides are the substances that are used to control pests and weeds. They are classified as herbicides, insecticides, bactericides, fungicides, etc. depending on the target organism. Pesticides help in improving crop yield and quality. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the varied aspects of pesticides and fertilizers. Different approaches, evaluations and advanced studies have been included herein. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying agricultural science, crop science and soil science as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts.