Ethnomedicinal Practices and Application of Traditional Medicinal Plants in Contemporary Indian Society provides a significant contribution to the broad academic fields of ethnomedicine, environment, and sustainable development. It presents empirical studies, theoretical understandings of ethnobotanical knowledge, benefits of traditional medicinal plants, and ethnomedicinal values of various Indigenous communities across India in the context of the current healthcare system. This collection presents diverse applications of traditional medicinal plants by different groups of Indians, contributing a complete overview of folk therapeutic practices by selected contemporary Indian Indigenous communities (Onges, Tai, Andamanese, Nicobarese, Rabhas, and Limbu). This book is distinctive in its rich contents from experts who present diverse viewpoints on significant themes related to medicinal plants, concepts of health of Indigenous communities, and ethnomedicinal values in contemporary Indian society.