This book comprehensively covers the development of nanomaterials for applications in life sciences, catalysis and materials engineering. It presents modern, sophisticated solutions to modify the optical, chemical, mechanical and electrical properties of nanomaterials specifically to be used as materials for catalysis, green chemistry, biosensors, medical devices, tissue scaffolds, structural materials, cosmetics, sustainable agriculture, food engineering. In particular, the book deals with carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) for uses in biological, environmental and engineering sciences. The textbook contains didactic elements such as end of chapter problems, worked examples within the chapters and systematic approach to the design of nanomaterials for specific applications; it acts as reference for students and researchers working in the field.