An examination of genetic diversity in plants on the basis of research-focused information has been described in this book. Genetic diversity is of central importance to the continuity of a species as it presents with the required adaptation to the current biotic and abiotic ecological circumstances, and enables modifications in the genetic composition to cope with changes in the environment. This book discusses the extent of genetic variation present in plant populations and conservation of germplasm. The motive of the book is to present the views of experts who are involved in the creation of fresh ideas and methods employed for the assessment of genetic diversity, often from various viewpoints. The book will be helpful to students, researchers and experts in the field.