The geographical and other environmental processes on Earth and the composition of the planet are of crucial significance in locating and utilizing its resources. This book is principally written for experts, geologists, civil engineers, mining engineers, and environmentalists. We are hopeful that the content will be used by students, and it will continue to be useful to them throughout their following professional and research careers. This does not mean that the book was printed solely keeping students in mind. Instead, from the point of view of experts in Environmental Science, it can be argued that this book contains more features than they will require in their primary studies or research. The book extensively covers topics related to mining, volcanology, remote sensing, and environmental sciences.