New, updated and expanded topics in the fourth edition include: EBCDIC, Grey code, practical applications of flip-flops, linear and shaft encoders, memory elements and FPGAs. The section on fault-finding has been expanded. A new chapter is dedicated to the interface between digital components and analog voltages. A highly accessible, comprehensive and fully up to date digital systems text A well known and respected text now revamped for current courses Part of the Newnes suite of texts for HND/1st year modules