The third edition of this essential book presents a comprehensive and accessible overview of contemporary theory and research about young children's developing thinking and understanding. Sue Robson's detailed exploration of the ideas and theories is enlivened by transcripts of children's activities and conversations taken from practice and contemporary research, helping readers to make links between theory, research and practice. This new edition brings together up-to-date research into neuroscience and digital learning, combining theory with discussions for best practice. Each chapter also includes ideas for further reading and suggested activities. Key chapters explore the following: Theories of cognitive development The social, emotional and cultural contexts of children's thinking Developments in brain science and young children The central roles of play and language in young children's developing thinking Children's conceptual development; visual thinking and thinking in music This book is crucial reading for all those interested in how young children develop through their thoughts and actions, including students of Early Years studies, teachers and early years practitioners.