This Special Issue reprint provides updates on relevant knowledge about the usefulness of improving fertilizer use efficiency in crops, thus ensuring enough food of acceptable quality for the rising world population while taking into account environmental considerations. Plant nutrient requirements and nutrition are complex issues, with 17 known nutrients necessary for plant growth and this field being an intersection of various sciences such as soil science, plant physiology, chemistry, circular economy, environmental science, and others. Plant nutrition is one of the most important elements on which the yield and quality of agricultural products depend. For about a century, a significant yield increase was seen thanks to the revolutionary method introduced by Nobel laureate Norman Borlaug on the use of chemical fertilizers for crops that can cover the nutritional needs of the world. But, what should we expect today? The current tendency around the world is to adjust to the actual nutritional needs of the consumers and plants, maximizing yields and improving quality, with special attention paid to the environment and the grower. This Special Issue provides nutrient management strategies and advanced knowledge on fertilizer use efficiency as one of the primary means of improving the quality and quantity of crops, contributing to a stable and healthy food chain.