Thyroid cancer refers to a type of cancer which grows from the tissues of the thyroid gland. It is a condition in which cells develop unusually and can spread to other parts of the body. A protrusion or swelling in the neck are its common symptoms. There are several risk factors of thyroid cancer, including a family history, radiation exposure at a young age and having an enlarged thyroid. There are four major types of thyroid cancer, namely, medullary thyroid cancer, papillary thyroid cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer and follicular thyroid cancer. Fine needle aspiration and ultrasound are frequently used for its diagnosis. There are several treatment options available for thyroid cancer, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, surgery, and thyroid hormone and radiation therapy. Surgery can include the removal of all or a part of the thyroid gland. This book provides comprehensive insights on thyroid cancer. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.