Nephrology is the study of kidneys which includes studying their normal function, diseases associated with them, maintaining their health, and treatment of related diseases through medication, kidney transplant, diet and dialysis procedure. Kidney transplant is the process of transplanting a healthy kidney into a patient having last stage kidney disease. It is broadly categorized as living donor or deceased donor transplantation based on the donor's source. Prior to kidney transplant, an individual with last stage kidney disease should undergo a complete medical examination for ensuring that they are healthy and can undergo organ transplant surgery. Patients who undergo kidney transplant usually live longer and have better quality of life, as compared to people who receive dialysis treatment. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of nephrology. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in kidney transplantation. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective in this area of medicine.