This book provides a comprehensive and forward-looking examination of neglected and underutilized crops (NUCs) as key enablers of climate-resilient and sustainable food systems. Addressing the urgent challenges posed by climate change, environmental degradation, and food insecurity, it brings together innovative strategies, practical case studies, and emerging technologies to demonstrate how NUCs can enhance agricultural resilience, diversify livelihoods, and support biodiversity conservation. Integrating scientific evidence with indigenous and local knowledge, the chapters illustrate how NUCs contribute to efficient resource use, improved nutritional outcomes, and strengthened ecosystem services across diverse agroecological contexts. By combining theory with real-world applications, the book offers actionable insights for researchers, policymakers, development professionals, and practitioners seeking inclusive, low-input, and climate-adaptive solutions. With its interdisciplinary perspective and global relevance, this volume positions neglected and underutilized crops not as marginal commodities, but as strategic assets for transforming agriculture and empowering smallholder farmers and rural communities worldwide.