This volume provides translations of texts on the Mamluk Sultan QalÄwÅ«n (1279-90) and his son al-Malik al-Ashraf (1290-93), which cover the end of the Crusader interlude in the Syrian Levant. Translated from the original Arabic, these chronicles detail the Mamluk perception of the Crusaders, the Mongol menace, how this menace was confronted, and a wealth of materials about the Mediterranean basin in the late thirteenth century. Treaties, battles, sieges and embassies are all revealed in these chronicles, most of which have not been translated previously. The translated texts provide a range of historical records concerning QalÄwÅ«n and al-Ashraf, and include the court perspective of Ibn `Abd al-áºÄhir, the later biography by his nephew ShafÄ«`, and the writings of the Mamluk historian Baybars al-MansÅ«rÄ«. | Chronicles Of Qalawa N And His Son Al-ashraf Khala L by Translated By David Cook, Hardcover | Indigo Chapters