This Companion examines conceptions and uses of Homeric poetry in philosophy, literature, and scholarship from the sixth to the eighteenth-century, while also including excursions into the fine arts and music in modern times. Its eighteen chapters explore the central place of Homer in Byzantine culture; the subsequent revival of Homeric studies in the Italian Renaissance; allegorical exegesis and the close connection between poetics and rhetoric inherited from Antiquity; the evolution of Homeric scholarship from a humanistic and aesthetic to a more historicist approach.