This book examines breeding approaches for plantation, spice, medicinal, and aromatic crops including coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew, coffee, tea, cocoa, rubber, cardamom, black pepper, turmeric, ginger, ashwagandha, lavender, and mint. It covers genetic resources, germplasm management, hybridization techniques, and crop-specific breeding methodologies for perennial species, and also: Provides comprehensive coverage of breeding theory and practice for plantation, spice, medicinal, and aromatic crops including coconut, arecanut, oil palm, cashew, coffee, tea, cocoa, rubber, cardamom, black pepper, turmeric, ginger, ashwagandha, lavender, and mint. Examines genetic resources, germplasm management, hybridization techniques, and crop-specific breeding methodologies for long-lived perennial species with complex reproductive systems and genetic heterogeneity. Addresses cytogenetics, chromosome behavior, pollination biology, incompatibility systems, sterility mechanisms, and hybrid development strategies for sustained genetic gain in perennial crops. Discusses molecular breeding, genomic selection, biotechnological interventions, and climate-smart selection approaches for developing resilient, high-yielding, and quality-oriented cultivars. Integrates conventional and molecular breeding approaches with emphasis on biodiversity conservation, evolutionary mechanisms, and secondary-metabolite genetics in spice, medicinal, and aromatic crops. This title has been co-published with Elite Publishing House. T&F does not sell or distribute the print versions in India.