Today's world is fraught with crisis and uncertainty. This creates a significant obstacle in child rearing and development. Children, inherently a vulnerable demographic, are at the epicenter of these crises. Approaches to address these problems need to be based on high-quality scientific research, to understand the root causes and determine effective approaches to reduce behavioral and mental health problems in children (BMPC). This is a special research reprint focusing on BMPC. It collected 14 high-quality papers from authors distributed across many countries, including the United States, France, China, Japan, Israel, and Thailand. This reprint included two main sections. The first section aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the social and mental mechanisms leading to BMPC. The second section aimed to develop behavioral and mental health promotion strategies and policies for children, as well as to provide some considerations in the design and implementation of effective intervention programs. We believe that this reprint is of great significance for the development and progress of research and practice in the area of children's behavior and mental health. This reprint is suitable as a reference book for researchers, and also has significance for guiding practical workers in this field. In the end, we noted that, in some papers, it was necessary to further improve them, to obtain in-depth and comprehensive overviews and to expand on the design and implementation of effective intervention programs.