Archaeology is the discipline concerned with the examination of human activity through the recovery and investigation of material culture. Under this discipline, there are diverse objectives, including comprehending cultural history, reconstructing ancient lifestyles, and recording, as well as elucidating, the changes in human societies throughout history. Archaeology involves various processes, including surveying, excavation, and analysis of the collected data. The various academic sub-disciplines within archaeology are ethnoarchaeology, archaeometry, historical archaeology, experimental archaeology, and cultural resources management among others. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and principles in the field of archaeology. It explores all the important aspects of this field in the present day scenario. This textbook will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.