The study of the phenomena of the sky and its use in culture by the people of the past is known as archaeoastronomy. The complementary niches in cognitive archaeology and landscape archaeology are fulfilled by archaeoastronomy. It uses methods from diverse fields such as anthropology, archaeology, astronomy, history, etc. This field studies material evidence to explore its relation to the sky. Such studies help in exploring how a wider landscape is integrated into the beliefs regarding the cycles of nature. Archaeoastronomy can be divided into green archaeoastronomy and brown archaeoastronomy. The basis of green archaeoastronomy is statistics. It is used for evaluation prehistoric sites with extremely less social evidence. Brown archaeoastronomy utilizes ethnographic and historical records. This helps in establishing a link between early astronomies, calendars and rituals. This book covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around this discipline. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on archaeoastronomy have been included herein. This book is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field.