This volume explores how firms, public institutions, and communities are responding to technological change, environmental pressures, regulatory developments, and evolving market and societal demands. Featuring contributions presented at the 2025 International Conference on Applied Economics (ICOAE) held in Bratislava, Slovakia, this volume address topics such as corporate governance, ESG and sustainability reporting, artificial intelligence (AI), digital public administration, taxation reform, logistics and supply chain resilience, consumer behavior, tourism, education, human resource management, and social inclusion. In doing so, the volume moves beyond a narrow business focus and highlights the interconnected roles of management, policy, governance, and society in processes of adaptation and reform. It also offers empirically grounded insights from a variety of national and sectoral contexts, particularly studies from Greece, Slovakia, Germany, Italy, Thailand, and broader European settings. By combining empirical research with conceptual and application-oriented contributions, the volume contributes to ongoing academic and policy debates on organizational adaptation, institutional change, and sustainable development. It offers researchers rigorous empirical findings and comparative perspectives, while providing policymakers with evidence-based insights relevant to the design and implementation of policies in areas such as digital transformation, ESG, taxation, and public governance. The volume is also of  interest to graduate students and practitioners engaged with contemporary economic and societal challenges.