This is a reproduction of a classic text optimised for kindle devices. We have endeavoured to create this version as close to the original artefact as possible. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we believe they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy. The history of north Africa is particularly rich, beginning with the legacy of ancient Egypt, Nubia, ancient Carthage, the Roman conquest, Byzantine intervenion, and subsequent spread of the Islamic religion, the Moors and their Spanish conquest. Later came the Napoleonic invasion and subsequent colonial expansions by various European powers.