There is an official story of philosophy in the 20th century, but there are many underground stories also. This is a book about some of these stories through an assessment of the philosophy of thinkers such as A.N. Whitehead, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Ivan Illich, Mircea Eliade and many others. The views they present are not just different from the mainstream perspective, they also conflict and contradict some of its key features. The contention of this book is that the reason these thinkers have been pushed into the underground of thought has little to do with the quality and reasonableness of their arguments, and a whole lot more to do with the fact that they contradict an accepted mainstream view of ontology in specific, critical areas. This book considers these alternate ontologies and suggests they must be taken seriously are we to continue to keep the western tradition of thought alive and well.