Materials science is a multi-disciplinary field that focuses on designing and discovering new materials. It uses concepts from physics, chemistry and engineering. Materials science is an interdisciplinary field which combines areas such as metallurgy, solid-state physics, ceramics and chemistry. It is concerned with the processing of any material and how it influences the structure, properties and performance of the material. This understanding of processing, structure and properties of the material is known as materials paradigm. This paradigm is helpful in getting a better understanding of various research areas such as metallurgy, nanotechnology and biomaterials. Materials science is an important part of forensic engineering and failure analysis which includes investing products, materials, components or structures that do not function as expected. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of materials science and engineering. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies in this discipline have been included in it. The book will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.